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National Identity

The Nigerian Coat of Arms

The Nigerian Coat of Arms is a heraldic symbol representing the nation's unity, fertile soil, and the confluence of its two major rivers, adopted in 1960.

Quick Facts

Date Adopted
1960
National Motto
Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress
Shield Symbolism
Nigeria's fertile soil
The 'Y' Shape
Confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers
Supporters
Two white horses representing dignity
National Flower
Costus spectabilis (Yellow Trumpet)

Historical Context and Adoption

The Nigerian Coat of Arms was officially adopted in 1960, coinciding with the nation's independence from British colonial rule. It was designed to serve as a visual representation of the sovereign state's identity and its unique geographical features. In 1978, the national motto was changed from 'Peace, Unity, Freedom' to 'Unity and Faith, Peace and Progress.' This change was intended to reflect the country's post-civil war aspirations for stability and development. Today, it remains a protected national symbol under the Flags and Coat of Arms Act.

Symbolism of the Central Shield

The central feature of the emblem is a black shield, which specifically represents the richness and fertility of Nigeria's agricultural land. Superimposed on the shield is a silver pall, a Y-shaped wavy band that symbolizes the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers at Lokoja. These rivers are the primary waterways of the nation and have historically been vital for trade and sustenance. The black color of the shield is a deliberate choice to represent the wealth of the soil. This central piece serves as the focal point of the entire heraldic design.

Crest and Supporters

Above the shield sits a red eagle perched on a green and white wreath, symbolizing strength. Supporting the shield on either side are two white horses, which represent dignity. The entire ensemble stands upon a grassy field adorned with Costus spectabilis, Nigeria's national flower.

Legal Use and Protocol

The use of the Coat of Arms is strictly regulated by the Federal Government of Nigeria to ensure its dignity is maintained. It appears on official government documents, seals of the President and Vice President, and the national currency, the Naira. Unauthorized use or desecration of the emblem is a punishable offense under Nigerian law. The coat of arms is widely displayed in government institutions, including courts and Nigerian diplomatic missions, as a sign of state authority. The emblem is intended to symbolize national unity and state authority.

Key Works / Related Items

  • Flags and Coat of Arms Act
  • Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria
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